Herring Sharks, Or Lamnovye (Lamnidae)

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Herring Sharks, Or Lamnovye (Lamnidae)
Herring Sharks, Or Lamnovye (Lamnidae)

Video: Herring Sharks, Or Lamnovye (Lamnidae)

Video: Herring Sharks, Or Lamnovye (Lamnidae)
Video: All Mackerel Shark Species (Lamnidae) - All Species List 2024, March
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Sharks belonging to this family are large, dangerous predators with a streamlined, muscular body and large sickle-shaped tail fin, which is typical for good swimmers. The body temperature of these sharks is higher than the ambient temperature, which is also typical for fast swimmers, including tuna, sailfish and marlins [4]. Dorsal fins 2 of different sizes, without spines. The first is large, in front of the vertical of the beginning of the abdominal, the second is small, above the anal fin. On each side of the body there are 5 large branchial openings in front of the base of the pectoral fins. The snout is conical, pointed. The caudal peduncle is strongly compressed; on its sides there are well-developed keels extending to the caudal fin. The tail fin is crescent-shaped.

Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), photo photograph dangerous fish
Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), photo photograph dangerous fish

Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)

The body of herring sharks is torpedo-shaped. The sprinkler is present (very small) or not. There is no blinking membrane. The skeleton is cartilaginous, the vertebrae are calcified. The length of large sharks reaches 3-8 m, weight - 0.6-3 tons. The fifth branchial cleft is located in front of the pectoral fin. Branchial arches without stamens; no sieve apparatus. The nostrils are completely separated from the mouth and do not have antennae. Lower eyelid without blinking fold or membrane. Both jaws have labial grooves at the corners of the mouth. The teeth are few, large (especially in front), awl-shaped or lamellar, with one apex, and sometimes with additional projections on the sides of the base.

Herring sharks are widespread mainly in the temperate seas of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, but they are also found in tropical waters. They are common in open waters, but also approach the coast. All herring sharks are good swimmers and active pelagic predators, feeding on herring, sardine, salmon, mackerel, tuna, as well as smaller sharks, seals, and fur seals. Viviparous, give birth to one to 10 cubs. Dangerous to humans. Attacks on bathers and even boats are known. The great white shark is called the man-eating shark [3].

Mako shark, or gray-blue shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), photo photograph dangerous fish
Mako shark, or gray-blue shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), photo photograph dangerous fish

Mako shark, or gray-blue shark (Isurus oxyrinchus)

Known since the Cretaceous. The family includes 3 genera and 5 species. They are of commercial importance: the meat of herring sharks is characterized by high nutritional qualities, the fins are dried for making soups, and the liver is used for melting fat [3].

Taxonomy of the Lamnov family, or herring sharks:

  • Genus: Carcharodon Agassiz, 1838 = Man-eating sharks, or white sharks

    Species: Carcharodon carcharias Linnaeus, 1758 = Great White Shark

  • Genus: Isurus Rafinesque, 1810 = Mako Sharks

    • Species: Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 = Mako shark, or gray-blue shark
    • Species: Isurus paucus Guitart Manday, 1966 = Long-finned mako
  • Genus: Lamna Cuvier, 1816 = Herring Sharks

    • Species: Lamna ditropis Hubbs et Follet, 1947 = Pacific herring shark
    • Species: Lamna nasus Bonnaterre, 1788 = Atlantic herring shark

Literature:

1. Lebedev V. D., Spanovskaya V. D., Savvaitova K. A., Sokolov L. I., Tsepkin E. A. Fish of the USSR. Moscow, Mysl, 1969

2. Gubanov EP, Kondyurin VV, Myagkov NA Sharks of the World Ocean: Reference Book. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. 272 pp., Ill.

3. Commercial fish of Russia. In two volumes / ed. O. F. Gritsenko, A. N. Kotlyar and B. N. Kotenyov.- Moscow: VNIRO publishing house. 2006. - 1280 s. (Volume 1 - 656 p.).

4. Wheeler A. Keys to fishes of marine and fresh waters of the North European basin. Per. from English. Preface and comments. V. P. Serebryakova. - M.: Light and food industry, 1982. - 432 p., Ill.

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