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Video: Aggressiveness Of Service Dogs
2024 Author: Molly Page | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 15:30
Aggressiveness is an active component of the defensive behavior of animals, the formation of which occurs on the basis of innate unconditioned reflexes and individual experience in the external environment. In essence, it is a complex of congenital and individually acquired reactions.
Defensive behavior includes such reactions as passive-defensive (POR), active-defensive (AOP) and aggressive (AGR). The first and second of them are defensive in their ethological significance, and an aggressive reaction can be both defensive and purely predatory.
Aggressive reaction or aggressiveness is understood as the ability of an animal to attack, combat and ultimately defeat the enemy. In a dog, this is the ability, by applying a grip, to stop the advance and resistance of a person or animal before the trainer (owner) approaches.
The manifestation of one form or another of defensive behavior has different prerequisites and arises in the process of both intraspecific and interspecific interaction. This is the reaction of motherhood, protection of the hunting or nesting territory, etc. The strength of its manifestation depends on specific circumstances and should be adequate to them, in addition, it depends on the temperament of the animal and on its self-confidence.
The defensive behavior of animals in contact with humans is a very special and poorly understood aspect of ethology.
The economic activity of man, his influence on the biosphere as a whole opposed man to the animal world, regardless of whether he hunts a given type of animal, uses it in a tamed or domesticated form, or is indifferent to its existence.
In everyday life, all wild animals, including predators, when contact with humans is inevitable, prefer to avoid or harbor a direct collision, that is, they demonstrate a pure passive-defensive reaction, including the dog's wild ancestor, the wolf. Their aggressiveness towards a person can manifest itself when combined with any even stronger instincts: for example, hunger, protecting offspring, saving their lives.
A dog is the only animal capable of purposeful and controlled aggression against a person, for single combat with him, prompted not by instinct, but by the command of the trainer (owner), therefore it can be used as an attack (detention) weapon, which makes certain requirements for the person controlling it.
Thousands of years of spontaneous selection, carried out by man on the basis of economic needs, has made it possible to accumulate different types of aggressiveness in different breeds of dogs.
Intraspecific aggressiveness is manifested in relation to other dogs, regardless of their size and sex
Domestic dogs have not experienced the struggle for existence in the press for centuries. The intraspecific struggle was transformed into ritual hierarchical fights for a place in a random pack on a walk or for an empty bitch. And they are in every possible way hampered by the conditions of urban maintenance. Their importance increases with the semi-free keeping of herding dogs in flocks and sled dogs in the summer.
The laws of behavior in a pack are fully manifested in the communities of stray dogs and synanthropic wolves, but no one has ever observed them, except for the observation of "clean" wolves, and the extreme danger of these communities for humans, livestock and game animals doom them for widespread destruction.
Nevertheless, the laws of intraspecific aggressiveness usually do not bring hierarchical fights to the point of murder, leaving the defeated the opportunity to flee.
The pickling fighting dogs that satisfy the vicious instincts of man, cultivated in capitalist countries, have received widespread condemnation.
Interspecies aggressiveness refers to the innate behavior of all members of the canine family. This is a manifestation of the remnants of the predatory instinct. It manifests itself in both wild and farm animals. Aggressiveness towards farm animals is significantly or completely inhibited by training methods. At the same time, once it is fixed in an individual dog, this behavioral defect is inherited, and the dogs that possess it are discarded.
Probably, interspecific aggressiveness is supported by an innate scent orientation, since a puppy, when faced for the first time with the smell of an animal of another species, especially a predator, shows alertness or timidity.
Sinanthropus is a fossil creature that is a transitional form from Pithecanthropus to man. (Approx. Comp.)
Generations of hunters selected dogs, the main quality of which in determining suitability for breeding was the effectiveness of hunting, provided by the orientation of aggressiveness towards wild animals, in conjunction with other features of hunting behavior. These requirements remain valid for most hunting breeds, where field trials are the main selection criteria.
In those breeds where these requirements have been weakened for some reason, there is a rapid loss of the specified quality.
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